Nigeria’s linguistic diversity is under threat, with 29 indigenous languages critically endangered and some on the brink of extinction, the National Library of Nigeria has warned.
The alarming revelation was made on the occasion of the 2025 International Mother Language Day, which aims to promote linguistic diversity and multilingual education.
According to the National Librarian and CEO, Professor Chinwe Anunobi, Nigeria is home to over 563 indigenous languages, making it one of the most linguistically diverse countries in the world.
However, Anunobi emphasized that this diversity is under threat, with many languages at risk of disappearing due to factors such as globalization, urbanization, and the dominance of major languages.
To address this linguistic emergency, UNESCO is supporting a pilot project to document and preserve at least three endangered languages in Taraba State. The project involves community engagement, language documentation, and the creation of digital archives to ensure the survival of these languages.
Stakeholders are calling for a national committee to be established to create a strategic plan for preserving indigenous languages. Parents and teachers are also being encouraged to promote linguistic heritage by teaching children their native languages.
Research has shown that children learn best in their mother’s language during early education, and UNESCO has affirmed that providing education in a learner’s first language improves cognitive development, creativity, and academic performance.
The National Library of Nigeria has also unveiled a compendium of Alphabets and Numerals of Nigerian languages, showcasing the complexity and beauty of Nigeria’s linguistic landscape.
With urgent action needed to preserve Nigeria’s linguistic heritage, stakeholders are urging the government to take immediate steps to protect and promote the country’s indigenous languages.
