As scorching heatwaves continue to sweep across Nigeria, health experts are raising alarms over the physical and mental health risks posed by extreme temperatures. Prolonged exposure to high heat, they warn, can lead to heightened aggression, irritability, and stress, while also exacerbating existing mental health conditions.
Dr. Ifeoma Onaje, a psychologist, explained that extreme heat places significant strain on the body, which can manifest as emotional instability. “When the body experiences intense heat, it can cause discomfort, dehydration, and fatigue. These physical conditions can trigger negative emotional responses, such as irritability, anxiety, and even hostility,” she said.
Dr. Onaje further noted that the brain’s ability to regulate emotions weakens under heat stress, making individuals more prone to aggressive behavior. She also highlighted that extreme heat can worsen mental health disorders, particularly anxiety and depression, by intensifying symptoms and making it harder for individuals to cope with daily stressors.
Echoing her concerns, Dr. Idris Adekunle, a consultant psychiatrist, emphasized the strong link between heat and emotional disturbances. “Heat stress activates the body’s fight-or-flight response, releasing stress hormones like cortisol. This can lead to feelings of frustration, restlessness, and, in some cases, aggression,” he explained.
Dr. Adekunle added that the effects of excessive heat are often more immediate and acute compared to cold weather. “In urban areas where access to cooling systems and water may be limited, constant exposure to heat can lead to emotional volatility,” he said.
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has also warned about the dangers of heatwaves, describing them as one of the most hazardous natural phenomena. Heatwaves can lead to a rise in heat-related illnesses and deaths, yet their impact is often underestimated because the damage is not always immediately visible.
To mitigate the risks, WHO has issued guidelines for staying safe during extreme heat. These include staying hydrated, avoiding outdoor activities during peak heat hours, and keeping homes cool by closing curtains during the day and opening windows at night. The organization also recommends preparing an emergency kit with essentials like oral rehydration salts, water bottles, and cooling towels.
As temperatures continue to rise, experts urge Nigerians to take preventive measures to protect their physical and mental well-being. Staying informed, hydrated, and cool can help reduce the risk of heat-related illnesses and emotional distress.
